Japan is planning to construct an automated cargo transport corridor connecting Tokyo and Osaka, dubbed the “conveyor belt road” by the government, to address the truck driver shortage. While specific investment amounts remain undetermined, this is viewed as a crucial initiative to manage surging logistics and delivery demands.
According to government-produced computer graphics, large wheeled containers will operate along a three-lane corridor (called the “automatic flow road”) in the middle of major highways. The trial system is scheduled to begin testing in 2027 or early 2028, with full operations targeted for the mid-2030s.
Yuri Endo, senior deputy director at the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism overseeing the project, states: “We need innovation in how we use our roads.” She notes that beyond addressing labor force shrinkage and reducing driver workload, the system will help reduce carbon emissions. “The core concept of the automatic flow road is to create dedicated logistics spaces within the road network for 24-hour automated unmanned transport systems.”
Similar concepts are being considered in Switzerland and the UK. The Swiss proposal involves underground tunnels, while London’s planned system will utilize low-cost linear motors for full automation. In Japan, loading and unloading will be automated through forklifts, coordinating with airports, railways, and ports.
The transport containers measure 180 centimeters (about 6 feet) in height and 110 centimeters (about 3.6 feet) in length and width, roughly the size of a large wardrobe. If successful, the system may expand to other routes. While last-mile delivery might still require human drivers, autonomous driving technology could be implemented in the future.
A law limiting driver overtime hours that took effect early this year has exacerbated Japan’s truck driver shortage. This regulation, known as the “2024 Problem,” aims to prevent overwork and accidents while improving work sustainability. Government estimates suggest Japan’s overall transport capacity will decrease by 34% by 2030 under current conditions. According to Japan Trucking Association data, domestic transport capacity is about 4.3 billion metric tons, with over 91% relying on truck transport.
During the pandemic, home delivery demand surged, with household usage rising from about 40% to over 60%. Like most regions, truck driving conditions are challenging, requiring long periods on the road, making the profession unattractive to most job seekers.
Annual deaths from delivery truck accidents have remained at around 1,000 in recent years, an improvement from nearly 2,000 in 2010, though the trucking association continues efforts to enhance delivery safety. The association also calls for consumers to reduce or consolidate delivery orders, while some industry experts suggest businesses limit free delivery services.
Professor Yuri Yano of Ryutsu Keizai University notes that trucks handle about 90% of Japan’s freight, with approximately 60% of fresh agricultural products requiring long-distance transport. “This means the 2024 Problem isn’t just a transport issue, but a crucial matter affecting people’s daily lives.”
Key News Points:
- Japan plans Tokyo-Osaka automated freight corridor to address driver shortage.
- System scheduled for trial in 2027, full operation in mid-2030s.
- Project aims for 24-hour automated unmanned transport and reduced carbon emissions.
- “2024 Problem” highlights severe challenges in Japan’s logistics industry.
- Rising e-commerce demand conflicts with driver shortage, requiring innovative solutions.
- New system will coordinate with airports, railways, and ports to create comprehensive logistics network.
