As more Chinese companies and investors enter the Japanese market, understanding Japan’s traffic rules and driving culture becomes increasingly important. This article will comprehensively introduce the process of obtaining a driver’s license, buying, and maintaining a vehicle in Japan, with a focus on comparing the traffic rules between China and Japan, providing a practical guide for those intending to drive in Japan.

Obtaining a Japanese Driver’s License

Obtaining a Japanese driver’s license is the first step to legally driving in Japan. The process and requirements for obtaining a license in Japan differ for those who already hold a Chinese license and for new drivers.

1.1 Conversion Process for Chinese License Holders

For those who already hold a Chinese driver’s license, a simplified process is available to convert the Chinese license to a Japanese one. This process is typically referred to as “license conversion.” According to the latest statistics, approximately 100,000 foreigners obtain Japanese licenses through this method each year, with Chinese drivers accounting for about 15% of this figure.

First, applicants need to prepare relevant documents, including a valid Chinese driver’s license original and its Japanese translation, passport, residence card, proof of residence, and photos. It’s worth noting that the Japanese translation of the Chinese license must be completed by designated institutions, such as the Chinese Embassy or Consulates in Japan.

Next, applicants need to visit the driver’s license center in their area to submit the application. Staff will review the documents and arrange for an aptitude test and a written test on traffic rules. The aptitude test mainly checks the applicant’s vision, color recognition ability, and reaction speed. The written test on traffic rules assesses the applicant’s understanding of Japanese traffic laws.

After passing the aptitude test and written test, applicants still need to take a practical road test. The road test content includes basic vehicle operation, road condition judgment, and adherence to traffic rules. It’s worth noting that Japan’s road test standards are relatively strict, with an average pass rate of about 70%. Therefore, it is recommended that applicants thoroughly familiarize themselves with Japanese traffic rules and driving habits before taking the road test.

The entire license conversion process usually takes 2-3 weeks and costs about 5,000-8,000 yen. Upon successfully obtaining a Japanese license, the holder can legally drive throughout Japan.

1.2 New Drivers Obtaining a Japanese License

For newcomers without driving experience, the process of obtaining a Japanese license is relatively complex and time-consuming. According to the latest data, about 1 million people take the driver’s license test in Japan each year, with new drivers accounting for about 60% of this figure.

New drivers typically need to go through the following steps to obtain a Japanese license:

First is enrolling in a driving school. Japanese driving schools are divided into two types: regular driving schools and designated driving schools. Designated driving schools offer more comprehensive courses, and graduates can directly obtain test qualifications, while students from regular driving schools need to take additional tests. Most people choose to attend designated driving schools, although the fees are higher (about 300,000-400,000 yen), the pass rate is higher, at about 95%.

Driving school courses typically include theoretical classes and practical classes. Theoretical classes mainly teach traffic laws and safe driving knowledge, while practical classes include basic vehicle operation, road condition judgment, and actual road driving. The entire learning process usually takes 1-2 months, depending on the student’s learning progress and the school’s course arrangement.

After completing all courses, students need to pass the school’s internal exams. The exam content includes both written and road tests. After passing the school exam, students can obtain a graduation certificate, which allows them to apply for the official aptitude test and skills test.

The official exam includes an aptitude test, a written test on traffic rules, and a road test. The aptitude test mainly checks vision, hearing, and reaction abilities. The written test on traffic rules examines the mastery of Japanese traffic laws, with a pass rate of about 70%. The road test is the final and most crucial stage, where examiners comprehensively assess the candidate’s driving skills and adherence to traffic rules.

After successfully passing all tests, applicants can obtain a Japanese driver’s license. The entire process usually takes 2-3 months and costs about 350,000-450,000 yen in total.

1.3 Comparison of Chinese and Japanese Driving Rules

Although there are many similarities between Chinese and Japanese traffic rules, there are also some important differences that are particularly noteworthy for those accustomed to the Chinese driving environment.

First, Japan implements a left-hand traffic system, which is different from China’s right-hand traffic. This means drivers need to adapt to driving on the right side of the vehicle and be extra cautious when turning at intersections. Statistics show that about 15% of foreign drivers experience minor traffic accidents in the initial period due to unfamiliarity with left-hand traffic.

Second, Japan’s speed limit regulations are stricter than China’s. On urban roads, Japan’s speed limit is usually 40-50 km/h, while China’s urban road speed limit is typically 50-60 km/h. On highways, Japan’s maximum speed limit is 100 km/h, while China’s highway speed limit can reach 120 km/h. Speeding is viewed as a serious offense in Japan, and the penalties are correspondingly heavier.

Third, Japan’s penalties for drunk driving are extremely severe. Japan’s alcohol detection standard is 0.15 mg of alcohol per liter of breath, lower than China’s 0.2 mg standard. Once caught driving under the influence, not only will the driver face heavy fines and possible imprisonment, but passengers may also be punished for not preventing drunk driving.

Fourth, Japan’s traffic courtesy culture is more prevalent. For example, vehicles usually stop proactively at zebra crossings to let pedestrians pass. While this courtesy culture is being promoted in China, it has not yet reached the level of prevalence seen in Japan.

Lastly, Japan’s traffic signs and signal systems also have some unique features. For instance, Japan uses blue instead of green to indicate “go” in traffic signals. Additionally, some of Japan’s traffic sign designs differ from international standards, requiring special attention from drivers.

Understanding and adapting to these differences is crucial for safe driving in Japan. According to statistics, foreign drivers familiar with Japanese traffic rules are about 40% less likely to be involved in traffic accidents compared to those unfamiliar with the rules.

Buying a Vehicle

Purchasing a vehicle in Japan is a complex process involving multiple steps and legal requirements. For overseas companies and investors, understanding this process can help them better plan for transportation needs and related expenses.

2.1 New Car Purchase Process

Japan’s automotive market is highly developed, with multiple renowned domestic brands as well as numerous international brands. According to the latest data, Japan’s annual new car sales are about 5 million units, with domestic brands accounting for about 60%.

The first step in buying a new car is choosing a model. Japanese consumers generally prefer small cars and hybrid vehicles, which is closely related to Japan’s road conditions and environmental policies. In recent years, the market share of electric vehicles has also been growing rapidly, expected to account for about 15% of new car sales by 2025.

After selecting a model, buyers need to discuss price and configuration with dealers. It’s worth noting that car prices in Japan are usually all-inclusive, including various taxes and insurance. This differs from China’s itemized pricing method.

Next is handling various procedures. First is vehicle registration, which requires identity documents, proof of residence, and other documents. Then, purchasing mandatory auto insurance, which is a legal requirement in Japan. Additionally, various taxes need to be paid, including consumption tax, vehicle weight tax, and vehicle acquisition tax.

Finally comes vehicle delivery. Car delivery in Japan is usually quick, typically taking only 1-2 weeks from order to delivery. At delivery, the dealer will provide detailed instructions on the vehicle’s functions and precautions.

The entire new car purchase process usually takes 2-3 weeks, with total costs, excluding the car price, requiring an additional 10-15% for taxes and insurance fees.

2.2 Used Car Purchase Considerations

Japan’s used car market is also highly developed, with an annual transaction volume of about 7 million units. For those with limited budgets or living in Japan for a short term, buying a used car might be a more economical choice.

The first step in buying a used car is choosing a reliable channel. Japan has specialized used car trading markets and large used car dealers, which are usually more standardized and reliable. Alternatively, purchases can be made through online platforms or personal transactions, but these require more caution.

When selecting a vehicle, pay special attention to the condition and mileage. Used cars in Japan are generally well-maintained, but still require careful inspection. It’s advisable to hire a professional agency for vehicle condition inspection, which costs about 10,000-20,000 yen. Additionally, check the vehicle’s maintenance records and accident history. Japan has a specialized vehicle history inquiry system that makes it convenient to learn detailed information about the vehicle.

In terms of pricing, the depreciation rate of used cars in Japan is relatively high, with the price of a 3-year-old vehicle typically dropping to about 50-60% of the new car price. However, note that a low price doesn’t necessarily mean a good deal; factors such as vehicle condition and maintenance costs should also be considered comprehensively.

The purchase process is similar to that of new cars, requiring vehicle transfer, insurance, and payment of related taxes. The difference is that used cars also need to undergo vehicle inspection. Japanese law stipulates that vehicles over 3 years old must undergo inspection every two years. If the purchased used car is approaching inspection time, this additional expense needs to be considered.

Overall, buying a used car may be 30-50% cheaper than a new car, but requires more time and effort to select a suitable vehicle.

2.3 Car Rental Options

For those living in Japan short-term or not wanting to bear vehicle ownership, renting a car might be a better option. Japan’s car rental market is very developed, with major rental companies including nationwide chain enterprises and local small rental shops.

Rental prices vary depending on the vehicle type, rental period, and season. Generally, small car daily rentals range from 5,000-8,000 yen, while mid-size cars range from 8,000-12,000 yen. Long-term rentals usually offer more favorable prices. For example, monthly rentals may be 30-40% cheaper than daily rentals.

When renting a car, note the following points: First, a valid driver’s license is required. Most rental companies accept international driver’s licenses for foreigners holding them. Second, carefully read the rental contract, especially clauses regarding insurance, fuel policy, and overtime fees. Finally, carefully check the vehicle condition at pick-up and return to avoid unnecessary disputes.

It’s worth mentioning that car-sharing services have developed rapidly in Japan in recent years. As of 2023, the number of car-sharing users in Japan has exceeded 2 million, expected to reach 3 million by 2025. This service is particularly suitable for those who use cars occasionally, offering more flexibility and convenience.

Vehicle Maintenance and Upkeep

In Japan, regular vehicle maintenance and upkeep are not only necessary for ensuring driving safety but also a legal requirement. Understanding Japan’s vehicle maintenance system and precautions can help car owners better maintain their vehicles and extend their service life.

3.1 Regular Inspection System

Japan implements a strict regular vehicle inspection system, colloquially known as “shaken.” The first inspection for new cars is after 3 years of use, followed by inspections every 2 years. For commercial vehicles, the inspection frequency is higher, usually annually.

The inspection content includes comprehensive checks of the vehicle’s appearance, chassis, engine, braking system, steering system, lighting system, and more. Inspections are conducted by professional institutions, and vehicles that pass the inspection receive a certificate valid for 2 years.

Inspection costs vary depending on the vehicle model, with general sedan inspection costs ranging from 100,000-150,000 yen. This fee includes inspection fees, various taxes, and the cost of replacing necessary parts. Although the inspection cost is not low, it effectively ensures the safety and performance of the vehicle, making it a worthwhile investment in the long run.

It’s worth noting that Japan’s inspection system is stricter than China’s. In China, the first inspection for private cars is after 6 years of use, followed by annual inspections. Moreover, the content and standards of inspections in China are relatively lenient. This means that using a vehicle in Japan requires more maintenance costs and time investment.

3.2 Daily Maintenance Tips

In addition to the legally required inspections, daily maintenance is equally important for maintaining vehicle performance and extending service life. Here are some daily maintenance tips commonly adopted by Japanese car owners:

First is regularly changing the oil and oil filter. Japanese car owners typically change oil every 5,000-7,000 kilometers or every six months, which is more frequent than the habit of Chinese car owners. Timely oil changes can effectively protect the engine and extend its service life.

Second is maintaining proper tire pressure. Although road conditions in Japan are generally good, it’s still recommended to check tire pressure monthly. Proper tire pressure not only improves driving safety but also reduces fuel consumption.

Third is regularly checking and replacing the air filter. Although air quality in Japan is good, regular replacement of the air filter is still important. It’s generally recommended to replace it every 20,000-30,000 kilometers.

Fourth is paying attention to battery maintenance. Japan’s climate changes significantly, especially in northern regions where winters are cold, which can easily affect battery performance. It’s recommended to regularly check battery condition and charge or replace it when necessary.

Finally, keep the interior and exterior clean. Japanese people generally pay great attention to vehicle cleanliness, not only for aesthetics but also to prevent body corrosion and interior aging. It’s recommended to wash the vehicle at least once a week and regularly clean and maintain the interior.

3.3 Choosing Repair Services

When a vehicle needs repairs, Japan offers multiple choices. First are brand-specific repair shops, which are directly authorized by car manufacturers, ensuring service quality but at relatively high prices. Second are chain quick repair shops, which usually offer standardized services at reasonable prices, suitable for some routine repairs and maintenance. Lastly are small repair shops run by individuals, which might be cheaper but service quality can vary.

When choosing repair services, consider the following factors: First is the vehicle’s warranty status. If still under warranty, it’s best to choose brand-specific repair shops to ensure warranty validity. Second is the complexity of the repair; for simple maintenance, quick repair shops can be chosen, while complex repairs are best left to shops with high professional standards. Finally, consider the price factor; compare prices from multiple places and choose the service with the best value for money.

It’s worth mentioning that car repair services in Japan are generally more standardized and transparent than in China. Repair shops usually provide detailed inspection reports and repair itemizations, allowing customers to clearly understand the content and cost of each service. This transparency helps build customer trust and is one reason for the high level of after-market service in Japan’s automotive industry.

Traffic Rules and Driving Culture

Understanding and adhering to Japan’s traffic rules and adapting to Japan’s driving culture is not only the foundation of safe driving but also an important step in integrating into Japanese society. Japan’s traffic rules and driving culture have their unique aspects, with some significant differences from China.

4.1 Basic Traffic Rules

As mentioned earlier, Japan implements a left-hand traffic system. This means vehicles need to drive on the left side of the road and overtake from the right side. This point requires special attention from Chinese drivers accustomed to right-hand traffic, especially when turning and changing lanes.

Japan’s speed limit regulations are stricter than China’s. The speed limit on general urban roads is 40-50 km/h, and the maximum speed limit on highways is 100 km/h. Speeding is viewed as a serious offense in Japan, with correspondingly heavy penalties. For example, exceeding the speed limit by more than 20 km/h may result in license suspension.

Japan’s penalties for drunk driving are extremely severe. A blood alcohol concentration exceeding 0.03% is considered drunk driving, and not only will the driver be punished, but passengers may also be penalized if they knowingly rode with a drunk driver.

Additionally, Japan has some special traffic rules to note. For example, at intersections without special markings, vehicles going straight have priority over turning vehicles. Also, some roads in Japan have “bus-only lanes” that private cars are not allowed to enter during specific time periods.

4.2 Driving Etiquette and Culture

Japanese driving culture emphasizes courtesy and yielding. For example, vehicles typically stop voluntarily at crosswalks to let pedestrians pass. Even in areas without crosswalks, drivers will slow down or stop if they see a pedestrian intending to cross the road. While this courteous culture is also being promoted in China, it has not yet become as widespread as in Japan.

Honking is considered impolite in Japan unless in emergency situations. Even in traffic jams, Japanese drivers rarely use their horns. Instead, they prefer to communicate through flashing lights or hand gestures.

Japanese drivers generally adhere to traffic rules. Even at deserted intersections late at night, most drivers strictly obey traffic light signals. This culture of conscientious rule-following contributes to Japan’s overall good traffic order.

Another notable cultural difference is that Japanese people place great importance on keeping their vehicles clean. This is not just for aesthetics but is also seen as a sign of respect for others. As a result, it’s common to see Japanese people spending time washing their cars on weekends.

4.3 Dealing with Emergencies

Although road conditions and driving environments in Japan are generally good, emergencies can still occur. It’s crucial to understand how to handle traffic accidents and vehicle breakdowns in Japan.

Firstly, if a traffic accident occurs, the most important thing is to remain calm. If anyone is injured, immediately call for an ambulance (119). At the same time, call the police (110) to report the accident. Do not move the vehicles before the police arrive unless their position is causing traffic congestion or risking secondary accidents.

Secondly, exchange contact information and insurance details with the other party. Most Japanese drivers carry a card called an “accident handling card” that contains personal and insurance information. Exchanging this information facilitates subsequent processing.

If a vehicle breaks down, immediately turn on the hazard lights and park the vehicle in a safe location. If on a highway, use the emergency lane. Then, place a warning triangle behind the car to alert approaching vehicles.

Japan’s roadside assistance services are highly developed. Most car insurance policies include roadside assistance services, which can be accessed by calling the number provided by the insurance company. If you haven’t purchased insurance that includes rescue services, you can also call the Japan Road Traffic Information Center (3954) for help.

Vehicle Insurance

In Japan, vehicle insurance is a necessary condition for driving. Understanding Japan’s vehicle insurance system and choosing suitable insurance products can effectively reduce driving risks and protect personal rights.

5.1 Compulsory Insurance

Japanese law requires all vehicles to purchase compulsory liability insurance, commonly known as “Jibaiseki Insurance”. This insurance mainly covers compensation for personal injuries caused by traffic accidents, but the compensation limit is relatively low.

The premium for compulsory insurance is uniformly priced by the government and is related to factors such as vehicle type and engine displacement. The annual premium for a typical sedan is around 15,000 to 20,000 yen. When purchasing a new car, compulsory insurance is usually included in the price, valid for 3 years. After that, compulsory insurance needs to be renewed at each vehicle inspection.

It’s worth noting that Japan’s compulsory insurance does not include property damage compensation, which differs from China’s compulsory traffic insurance. Therefore, having only compulsory insurance is far from enough, and additional voluntary insurance is necessary.

5.2 Voluntary Insurance

Voluntary insurance serves as an important supplement to compulsory insurance, providing car owners with more comprehensive protection. It not only has a broader coverage but also much higher compensation limits than compulsory insurance. The existence of this type of insurance fully reflects modern society’s profound understanding and emphasis on risk management.

Personal injury liability insurance is an important component of voluntary insurance. It mainly provides compensation for personal injuries caused by traffic accidents. In real life, personal injuries often bring huge economic burdens, including medical expenses, rehabilitation costs, loss of work time, etc. Therefore, the compensation limit for this type of insurance usually reaches a very high level to ensure full coverage of various possible situations.

Property damage liability insurance mainly focuses on compensation for property losses. In traffic accidents, not only can there be casualties, but also property damage. This type of insurance covers a wide range of areas, including damage to the other party’s vehicle, roadside facilities, and various property losses. By purchasing this type of insurance, car owners can effectively reduce the economic risks caused by accidents.

Vehicle damage insurance is established for possible losses to one’s own vehicle. It includes not only losses caused by collisions but also losses caused by natural disasters and other factors. This insurance provides car owners with all-round vehicle protection, offering corresponding compensation for losses caused by both human factors and force majeure factors.

Personal accident insurance focuses on the safety of drivers and passengers. It provides compensation for drivers and passengers who are injured or unfortunately die in accidents, reflecting the high regard for human life and health. This type of insurance can not only help victims and their families through difficult times but also to some extent reduce social burdens.

The premium for voluntary insurance varies depending on factors such as vehicle model, driver’s age, driving experience, etc. Generally speaking, the annual premium for a mid-size sedan is about 80,000 to 150,000 yen. Although the premium seems high, considering Japan’s high compensation standards, purchasing comprehensive voluntary insurance is very necessary.

5.3 Insurance Claim Process

When a traffic accident occurs that requires an insurance claim, the first step is to contact the insurance company immediately. Most insurance companies in Japan provide 24-hour accident reporting hotlines. The insurance company will assign a specialist to handle the claim, including on-site investigation, negotiation with the other party, arranging vehicle repairs, etc.

During the claim process, materials typically required include: accident report, police-issued accident certificate, repair estimate, medical diagnosis (if there are injuries), etc. The insurance claim process in Japan is usually smooth, with most cases completed within 1-2 months.

It’s worth mentioning that Japanese insurance companies usually provide full-process services for accident handling, including negotiating with the other party, arranging vehicle repairs, etc. This service can greatly reduce the stress on accident parties, especially important for foreigners who are not familiar with Japanese.

Conclusion

For overseas companies and investors, understanding Japan’s driving environment, traffic rules, and related systems is crucial. It not only ensures safe travel in Japan but also helps better integrate into Japanese society and improve work and life efficiency.

From obtaining a driver’s license to buying and maintaining a car, every step reflects the characteristics of Japanese society: rigorous, standardized, and detail-oriented. These characteristics are not only reflected in the transportation field but also reflect Japan’s overall social culture and business environment. Therefore, by understanding and adapting to Japanese driving culture, companies and individuals can gain a deeper understanding of the Japanese market, laying a good foundation for business activities and daily life in Japan.

Moreover, Japan’s advanced traffic management system, mature automobile market, and comprehensive insurance system also provide valuable experience and reference for Chinese companies. By comparing the differences between China and Japan in the transportation field, companies can discover potential business opportunities and innovation points, providing new ideas for their own business development.

In general, mastering Japan-related driving knowledge is not only a practical skill but also an important way to understand Japanese society and integrate into the Japanese market. For companies and individuals aspiring to develop in Japan, this is undoubtedly a worthwhile subject to invest time and effort in learning.